Fair Use’s Origins
Abstract
The American model of fair use, with its flexible configuration and as an equalizing valve of rules for the copyright, has proved to be up to the challenges involved in technological advance, allowing the copyright regulatory system to have a greater adaptability and thus that economic and cultural flows associated with these new technological contexts are transformed into a benefit for society. In this scenario, the copyright has progressively strengthened its scope, by punishing increasingly with more harshness the infringement to its regulation, which has caused deep friction between the advance of technology changes and regulatory regimes that govern them. The most direct consequence of this inflation of copyright has been sustained decrease in the scope of exceptions and limitations to copyright, causing a significant imbalance in their regulation, which results in inefficient or obstructive answers for the public and private interest. The history of American copyright and in particular, the gestation of fair use, beginning with its roots in the pre-modern British jurisprudence and doctrine, provides interesting elements of analysis for an understanding of the current crisis of copyright and also provides a background that point to the desirability of incorporating a guarantor as fair use mechanism in our country, to face this expansive context of authorial control.Keywords:
Fair use, fair abridgment, copyright, exceptions and limitations, originality.References
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Band, Jonathan y Jonathan Gerafi (2013). The fair use/fair dealing handbook. Policybandwidth. Disponible en <http://infojustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/band-and-gerafi-2013.pdf>.
Beebe, Barton (2008). «An empirical study of U.S. copyright fair use opinions, 1978-2005». Pennsylvania Law Review, 156.
Bently, Lionel y Martin Kretschmer (eds.) (2013). Primary sources on copyright (1450-1900). Disponible en <http://www.copyrighthistory.org>.
Bracha, Oren (2009). «The ideology of autorship revisited: Authors, markets and liberal values in early american copyright». Yale Law Journal, 118. Disponible en <http://www.yalelawjournal.org/the-yale-law-journal/article/the-ideology-of-authorship-revisited:-authors,-markets,-and-liberal-values-in-early-american-copyright/>.
Computer and Communication Industry Association (2010). Fair use in U.S. economy. Economic contribution of industries relyin on fair use. Disponible en <http.//www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/04/fairuseeconomy.pdf>.
Deazley, Ronan (2004). On the origin of the right to copy: Charting the movement of copyright law in eighteenth-century britain (1695-1775). Portland: Hart Publishing.
Defoe, Daniel (1704). «An essay on the regulation of the press». Disponible en <http://www.copyrighthistory.org/cgibin/kleioc/0010/exec/ausgabeCom/%22uk_1704%22>.
Feather, John (1988). A history of british publishing. Londres: Routledge.
Flynn, Sean M. y Brook Baker (2012). «The U.S. proposal for an intellectual property chapter in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement». American University International Law Review, 28 (1). Disponible en <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2185402>.
Gomez-Aróstegui, Tomás (2010). «The untold story of the first copyright suit under the Statute of Anne in 1710». Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 25 (3). Disponible en <http://btlj.org/data/articles/25_3/1247-1350%20Gomez-Arostegui%20051811.pdf>.
Gordon, Wendy (1982). «Fair use as market failure: A structural and economic analysis of the Betamax case and its predecessors». Columbia Law Review, 82. Disponible en <http://www.detritus.net/rhizome/legal/Gordon-Fair_Use.html>.
Hargreaves, Ian (2011). Digital opportunity. A review of intellectual property and growth. Independent report. Disponible en <http://www.ipo.gov.uk/ipreview-finalreport.pdf>.
Heins, Marjorie y Tricia Beckles (2003). Will fair use survive? Free expresión in the age of copyright control. Brennan Center for Justice, NYU School of Law. Disponible en <http://www.fepproject.org>.
Hugenholtz, P. Bernt y Martin R. F. Senftleben (2011). Fair use in Europe. In search of flexibilities. Ámsterdam: Vrije Universiteit. Disponible en <http://www.ivir.nl/publications/hugenholtz/Fair%20Use%20Report%20PUB.pdf>.
Ibañez, Carolina (2013). Fair use como modelo de flexibilización del derecho de autor. Memoria para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de Chile.
Leval, Pierre N. (1990). «Toward a fair use standard». Harvard Law Review, 103.
Patterson, L. Ray (1998). «Folsom v. Marsh and its legacy». Journal of Intellectual Property Law, 5 (2).
Patterson, L. Ray y Stanley W. Lindberg (1991). The nature of copyright: A law of user’s right’s. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Sag, Matthew (2011). «The Prehistory of Fair Use». Brooklyn Law Review, 76 (4). Disponible en <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1663366>.
Sag, Matthew (2012). Predicting fair use. Loyola University Chicago Law School. Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper 2012-05. Disponible en <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1769130>.
Samuelson, Pamela (2006). «The Generativity of Sony v. Universal: The intellectual property legacy of Justice Stevens». Fordhamn Law Review, 74, Berkeley Center for Law and Technology. Disponible en <http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~pam/papers/Sony%20legacy%20FLR.pdf>.
Samuelson, Pamela (2009). «Unbundling fair uses». Fordhamn Law Review, 77. Disponible en <http://law2.fordham.edu/publications/articles/500flspub17887.pdf>.
Sánchez, María Trinidad (2004). Derechos de autor, digitalización e Internet. Madrid: Universitas.
Smiers, Joost y Marieke van Schijndel (2008). Imagine no copyright. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Standler, Ronald B. (2009). «Fair use: No excuse for wholesale copyright infringment in the USA». Disponible en <http://www.rbs2.com/unfair.pdf>.
