Functionality and Communicative Characteristics of Adults with Aphasia Following Acquired Brain Injury and Their Relationship to Caregiver Burden

Abstract

Aphasia is a common diagnosis among individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI), often resulting in loss of independence and significant caregiver burden. This study analyzed the functionality and linguistic-communicative characteristics of people with aphasia (PWA) and their relationship with caregiver burden. It employed a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and cross-sectional approach. The sample included 18 adults diagnosed with aphasia following ABI who received care at the Regional Hospital of Talca in 2023, as well as their caregivers. Linguistic performance was assessed using the Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test, Spanish version (MASTsp), while functionality was measured with the Lawton and Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), and caregiver burden using the Zarit Burden Interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Results showed high levels of burden among caregivers of PWA. A significant inverse correlation was found between caregiver burden and the total MAST score (rS = -0.561; p = 0.016), as well as moderate to strong correlations with specific MAST subtests. No significant relationship was found between caregiver burden and functionality; however, there was a significant positive correlation between IADL scores and total MAST scores. In conclusion, this study reveals considerable levels of burden among caregivers of PWA after ABI, primarily associated with the severity of linguistic-communicative impairment rather than overall functionality.